A large number of systemic pathology can cause significant decreased quality of life, loss of complete performance and even severe disability.Diseases associated with musculoskeletal systems occur not only in old age.Every case 2-3 observed in working age patients.The most dangerous and uncovered is correction is arthrosis.
This degenerative disease is accompanied by depletion of cartilage in large and small joints, which causes a decrease in amplitude of real movements and pain when trying to do so.It is possible to prevent serious consequences only as a result of the appointment of adequate treatment in the early stages of disease development.In this article we will find the causes of development, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, modern diagnosis methods and arthrosis treatment.
Arthrosis prevalence
Paying attention to statistical indicators, it can be found that arthrosis is a very relevant disease, and every year the frequency of the incident only grows.According to the world health organization, pathology was observed in seven percent of the planet's population.It places it in the first place in the detection frequency compared to other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Arthrosis is a chronic disease of the non-inflammatory etiological joints, which causes deformation in the affected area
Often degeneration of cartilage is observed in young people, more often can be found in men.In young girls, arthrosis who interact are often detected.After reaching the age of fifty, the frequency of lesions and localization of focus becomes the same for representatives of both sexes and around 60%.
From the data presented, it can be understood that it is very important to identify pathology in the early stages for the most effective drug therapy.If not, the treatment of arthrosis launched cannot be accessed by most elderly patients with regard to financial components.
Causes and risk factors for the development of arthrosis
The frequency of joint disease presented has caused the fact that the problem is acute in the medical circles of very advanced countries.Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on the study of arthrosis by the leading clinic every year.Gradual studies of problems make it possible to determine the pathogenesis of the process and factors that can increase the likelihood of disease.
Classification of modern and more complete joint degeneration will be presented below, at this stage it is enough to understand that the primary and secondary forms are distinguished.
Reasons that can lead to the development of secondary joint diseases including the following:
- Congenital changes associated with blood supply to articular joints;
- injury to cartilage, ligament equipment or bone growth zones;
- violations related to metabolism, especially with mineral relations;
- Autoimmune pathology;
- infections that affect bone tissue;
- Hemophilia.
Primary arthrosis is an independent disease, it can develop as a result of the influence of factors that provoke:
- senile age;
- excess weight;
- Excessive physical activity;
- Surgical intervention in the joints;
- genetic tendencies;
- Inadequate calcium intake and other minerals;
- chronic poisoning;
- long and often stay at low temperatures;
- Frequent injuries to bone joint.
Arthrosis development mechanism
Normal bone joints consist of two or more joint heads, ligament equipment, cartilage and synovial fluid.All of these structures provide mobility in a particular area of the musculoskeletal system without pain, they also allow the burden obtained by walking and jumping, spreading it without causing damage to the body.
Joint arthrosis belongs to a group of diseases with polietiological origin.This means that most often the cause of development is the influence of the entire trigger complex, including professional danger, overweight, elderly and malnutrition.Pathogenesis is that certain effects cause significant damage in blood supply and lymph flow from the specified area.
Furthermore, chondrocytes lose the ability to regenerate rapidly and products from the normal amount of intraarticular fluid, which reduces surface friction during movement.Gradually, cartilage becomes rough and starts washing under the influence of pressure during active body movements.
Gradually, the ability of tissue compensation to run out and gradually the chondrocyte layer is removed.When degeneration reaches bone, significant pain develops and mobility decreases significantly.Without proper care, patients can completely lose the ability to active movements and even to maintain their needs independently.
Symptoms of arthrosis
The person does not know about what arthrosis is, this disease begins in stages and does not show itself in the early stages.Over time, the patient records the appearance of a little pain without a certain localization, which is enhanced with a significant background of physical activity.Degeneration that grows leads to the fact that pain arises with small movements and get a clear location.
Symptoms that are less visible from the development of arthrosis include:
- "Sick" sick if the weather;
- crispy when moving;
- stiffness in the morning;
- muscle cramps.
With deep cartilage lesions, there are signs that indicate local inflammation, such as swelling, skin redness and an increase in local temperature.If someone is not looking for help from a doctor, symptoms -symptoms develop and begin to appear not only contrary to the background of physical exercise, but also at rest.
The thinning of the chondrocyte layer causes joint deformation and violation of the normal function of the limbs.When feeling the pathological focus, the patient will record the points of the biggest pain.In addition, cartilage lip will significantly thicken along the edges, which will show compensation hypertrophy.
Painful
A large number of violations in the field of bone joint cause certain difficulties in the comparative diagnosis process.However, after evaluating the nature of pain, a person can distinguish arthrosis from other etiological arthritis.In the circumstances described, painful sensations occur, as a rule, when trying to make active movements.Its intensity will gradually increase when trying to increase the load at a damaged connection.
Clinical features described according to the first stage of the process.In the second and third development stages, pain arises even in a state of total rest, you can stop it just by giving a comfortable position for the limbs.The difference between arthritis is constant pain, which is not lost when the position is changed, and also increases at night.
Joint sowarity
Destruction of the natural structure of cartilage causes active chondroblast proliferation, but every polypotent cell in our body has a certain division limit.This phenomenon is called compensation buffer.This means that after a number of mitotic divisions, cells die and can no longer reproduce their own types.
After some time, this causes a normal change in the joint gap, the appearance of the "Christ" called SO or the results in the lumen and the niche.This phenomenon only worsens the process, because the surge formed during the destruction process causes additional damage during movement.
Due to changes in the smooth surface of articular surfaces, appearance of tuberosity and deviations, the amplitude of active and passive movement is significantly reduced.These symptoms most often make patients seek medical help.Unfortunately, at this stage, the effectiveness of drug treatment becomes too low, only the correction of surgical joints that can improve the situation.
Features include:
- High probability to develop "contractures" or completely disappear active and passive movements in limbs;
- The stock is observed throughout the day, and not only in the morning, like in arthritis;
- In some cases, limbs must fade manually to give it a more comfortable position.
Heard in the joints
Many have heard the distinctive "crispy" sound when kneading the joints.There is a theory that according to him in a healthy person this phenomenon is observed when the pressure in the bone joint capsule in changes in capsules, as a result, the density of synovial fluid changes dramatically and gas bubbles, which in it quickly expand and explode, creating similarity of crust.This phenomenon is not dangerous, but with arthrosis, the same sound appears as a result of other processes.
Crysta cartilage is formed during joint prone and joint lip, which leads to the formation of cracks and renovations of ligament equipment.Even inexperienced people will be able to distinguish sounds in the joints with arthrosis - they are rough and "dry".The severity and volume of symptoms described are directly proportional to the disease stage.
Specific sounds in the joints with arthrosis are:
- Their presence is only in a surprising joint;
- Always accompanied by setbacks in mobility;
- Expansity develops in the final stages of the disease.
Change the appearance of the joint
In the early stages of the development of arthrosis, the process does not cause changes in the form of bone joints.Real changes can only be observed with the disease that is ignored, when one part of the joints is completely erased, and the other still produces cartilage cells.As a result, the pathological area increases significantly and loses its natural shape.Symptoms specified are very unfavorable, due to deformation in the region, for example, knee or hip joints, will always cause changes in the lower structural area due to the transfer of load axes applied.
Type and stages of arthrosis
The modern classification of arthrosis is quite branching, because of the broad list of the possibility of localization of pathological focus.
For the convenience of communication between specialists of various medical centers and even countries in the problem of diagnosis and treatment of this disease, the main thing is distinguished:
- hand artrosis;
- cervix;
- ankle;
- knee;
- polyarthrosis;
- pelvis;
- spine.
When building a diagnosis, a very important stage is the right determination of the destructive process.The development stage of arthrosis is distinguished:
Stage 1 - There is no change seen in the form of a joint, the disorder is observed in the biochemical composition of intra -articular fluids, painful pain syndromes appear, equipped with inflammatory manifestations in the joints.
Stage 2 - The degenerative process is observed in cartilage, "Christ" shape, stiffness and significant pain syndrome during the movement.Distrophi from the joint around it develops the muscles.
Stage 3 - The presence of the extensive focus of the damage to cartilage is determined, the shape of the connection is changed, the amplitude of the active and passive movement in the limbs decreases significantly, or at all does not exist.Often in patients at this stage, contractures develop that fully stop movement in the affected area.
Complications
The uncontrolled process of destruction can cause severe complications that can, in addition to reducing the quality of life, causing total inability to care for itself independently.
The most difficult includes:
- destruction of total joint cartilage tissue;
- contracture;
- The appearance of hernial protrusions in the intervertebral disc area;
- severe patient disability;
- Significant deformation of extremities.
Arthrosis treatment
Unfortunately, many patients, unfortunately, learn about what arthrosis is and how to treat it at that stage when a significant effect is no longer possible to achieve a significant effect.It is important to be involved in the correction of the condition of the musculoskeletal system after the emergence of the first and lifetime symptoms.This is due to the fact that the impact of factors that contribute to disease development is rare as possible to be prevented.For example, changes related to age in blood supply and lymph flow from the joints require a constant use of blood vessel medicine.Given the pathogenesis, therapy must be complex and comprehensive.To start with, after the emergence of an unpleasant sensation when moving, see rheumatological profile specialists or traumatology.Doctors, based on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, will determine accurate diagnoses and solve adequate treatment recipe problems.
Treatment with drugs -drugs
In the initial stages of arthrosis, you can improve the situation with the help of drugs.For this purpose, such drugs are used:
- Adrenal cortex hormone;
- Anti -inflammatory non -steroidal drugs;
- Preparation with the Chondroprotective effect.
Complex influences make it possible to save patients from pain, leveling the inflammatory process, and restore normal blood supply in the shortest possible time.
The latest therapy
Continued development in the field of drug treatment causes the creation of new drugs, which are basically a substitute for natural synovial fluids.Molecules developed can significantly reduce the process of cartilage degeneration, reduce pain and save patients from inflammatory phenomena.Artificial synovial liquid is introduced directly into a combined bag every week.The duration of one treatment course is 3-5 weeks.Usually, the results achieved are enough for a person's normal life for 6-12 months.Patients claim that comfort and quality of life significantly increases.Unfortunately, this tactic only applies in relation to people with 1-2 stages of arthrosis.
Surgical treatment
With severe damage to large joints, such as hips or knees, at a relatively young age of up to 60 years, patients are offered surgery for complete joint replacement.At present, ceramic and titanium transplants are used which can fully restore lost functions.This device is quite strong and able to give patients up to 20 years of life without problems with the mobility of the joint that is replaced.
People's Recipe
Non -traditional drugs are widely used in the treatment of arthrosis.This is caused by the fact that after stopping the acute process, lifelong therapy is needed, which is intended to restore and maintain the natural structure of cartilage.To achieve the goal, the product used must be safe and most natural as possible.
Compress and lotion with the following plant stew is very popular:
- Ginger roots;
- cinnamon;
- Kalanchoe;
- turmeric;
- celery.
Diet with arthrosis
In the pathology treatment presented, it is very important to give the body of constant nutritional intake.This can only be achieved if compliance with protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and microelements from the diet in terms of protein, fat.To compile the most adequate power circuit, you must seek help from nutritionists.From the diet it is necessary to eliminate carbohydrates quickly and alcohol.The table must be a fish plate, red meat and fresh fruits.
It is very important to comply with the following nutritional rules for arthrosis:
- balance;
- Eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
- Don't eat after 19:00;
- Get rid of overweight.
Prevention
There is no specific prevention of arthrosis, due to polietiological conditions.
You can warn the emergence of disease by observing general recommendations:
- proper nutrition;
- physical activity is 2-3 times a week;
- Normalization of weight;
- frequent fractional nutrition;
- Compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Rejection of bad habits.
Conclusion
Pathological conditions presented from the musculoskeletal system are often observed in older patients.It is important to increase the frequency of the initial diagnosis of the disease, because only in this case it is possible to rely on successful results from conservative care.Prognosis for work capacity, subject to the initial identification and obedience of all doctor's prescriptions, is very profitable.The presence of the third stage of arthrosis is accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis and can cause the patient's inability to serve himself.
However, even the most severe form of disease is adjusted to the assistance of surgical care, the disadvantages are:
- operation trauma;
- High cost;
- long rehabilitation period;
- It cannot be applied to patients aged over 60 years.