Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease in which joint cartilage is progressively destroyed.When cartilage is destroyed, changes appear in the bone covered by cartilage, and in joint capsulesHowever, this description is not entirely accurate, because with arthrosis in the joints there are some changes in inflammation.In English -speaking countries, "our artrosis" in most cases is called arthritis (arthrithis), which is an inflammatory joint disease (itis sufix), whereas we are usually called arthritis, joint damage to rheumatic diseases, purulent damage to the joints, etc.Sometimes they try to correct other disagreal with this joint: other disagreal, purulent damage to the joints, etc.Sometimes they try to correct other disagreement: infectious, purulent damage to the joints, etc.Sometimes they are trying to correct other disagreement: infectious, purulent joint damage, etc.Sometimes they are trying to correct other disagreement: infectious, purulent joint damage, etc.Sometimes they try to correct other disagreement: contagious, purulent damage, but sometimes they try to correct disagreement: Purulent Disagreement Orthritis.
In modern scientific articles, the term osteoarthrosis is more often found (from the Greek words "Osteo" - bone, "arthros" - joints, namely, non -inflammatory diseases of joints and bones).And again, in English -speaking countries, artose "We" are called osteoarthritis (osteheoarthis), namely arthritis and bone diseasesIn fact, arthrosis and arthritis are synonyms, and your doctor discusses the same thing.
Dalam artikel ilmiah modern, istilah osteoarthrosis lebih sering ditemukan (dari kata -kata Yunani "osteo" - tulang, "arthros" - sendi, yaitu, penyakit non -inflamasi sendi dan tulang). Dan lagi, di negara -negara berbahasa Inggris, artose "kami" disebut osteoarthritis (ostheoartrithis), yaitu penyakit radang sendi dan tulang.
Seringkali dari pasien kami mendengar pertanyaan: "Awalnya, arthrosis didiagnosis kepada saya, dan sekarang osteoartritis sudah menulis. Apakah itu sangat buruk?" Faktanya, arthrosis dan arthritis adalah sinonim, dan dokter Anda membicarakan hal yang sama.
As we have noted in the beginning, with arthrosis (osteoarthrosis), cartilage is progressively destroyed, and bones are gradually involved in the process.With arthrosis in the bone, the first part of the sclerosis occurs, as a result of the loss of shock absorption.Then there is a point along the edge of the bone (exostosis), which is often called " Salt Deposit "- In fact, with ordinary arthrosis, there is no salt.With the course of further disease, bones begin to bend, defects, cysts formed in it: often this disease is called deforming arthrosis (osteoarthrosis).In old medical books, you can sometimes find the phrase "staining arthrosis", but now almost never usedArthrosis, which arises for unknown or spontaneous reasons.Of course, now scientists no longer consider arthrosis to the mystery and the reason for its development is known.Further about the cause of arthrosis, about what primary and secondary arthrosis below.
Arthrosis more often affects joints that experience maximum load (hips, knees, ankle joints, hand joints).Arthrosis hip joint is called Coxarthrosis (from the word "Coxa" - hip), ankle joint - Curosteoarthritis ("Cruuris" - lower leg), knee - Gonarthrosis ("Gene" - knee).In most cases, arthrosis affects both knee joints, while one of the joints can be more destroyed.In this case, the diagnosis sounds like bilateral gonarthrosis with dominant damage to the right knee joint (or left).
Gonarthrosis ("Gen" - lutut). Dalam kebanyakan kasus, arthrosis mempengaruhi kedua sendi lutut, sedangkan salah satu sendi dapat lebih hancur. Dalam hal ini, diagnosis terdengar seperti gonarthrosis bilateral dengan kerusakan dominan pada sendi lutut kanan (atau kiri).
Often, not one, but a few joints are influenced by arthrosis, so they use other terms - Polyosteoarthrosis which means the defeat of three or more joints (two symmetrical, for example, both knees, and several others).In this case, the diagnosis is usually heard as follows: Polyosteoarthrosis with dominant damage to the knee joint (or one of them).
Why do knee joint artrosis occur?
Different knee joint arthrosis.Depending on the cause of the incident, primary and secondary arthrosis is distinguished.With increasing age, cartilage renewal slows down and destruction of cartilage, called the process of degradation or degeneration, starting to win.
The process of synthesis and destruction of cartilage is usually balanced.If degeneration starts to apply, the knee joint arthrosis will begin
In most cases, cartilage degeneration, namely the development of arthrosis, occurs after 45-50 years, but sometimes arthrosis can develop in 20 years.Fortunately, the development of arthrosis at such a young age is very rare.
People are vulnerable to knee joint arthrosis to a larger or smaller level.As a rule, if the arthrosis occurs, then only at the age of 40-60 years, and if at the age of 60 there is no arthrosis, then it is likely to be no longer, or more precisely, arthrosis will not be significant (certain degenerative changes in the knee joints are found in all parents, but they are expressed differently)Not all of them feel their knees problems.This is especially true for men who are often "serious" arthrosis does not show themselves or cause minimal discomfort.
Orang rentan terhadap arthrosis sendi lutut ke tingkat yang lebih besar atau lebih kecil. Sebagai aturan, jika arthrosis terjadi, maka hanya pada usia 40-60 tahun, dan jika pada usia 60 tidak ada arthrosis, maka kemungkinan besar tidak akan lagi, atau lebih tepatnya, arthrosis tidak akan signifikan (perubahan degeneratif tertentu pada sendi lutut ditemukan pada semua orang tua, tetapi mereka diungkapkan secara berbeda).
Penting untuk dicatat bahwa jika Anda mengambil dan membuat radiografi untuk semua orang yang lebih tua, misalnya 60 tahun, maka hampir 90%akan menjadi tanda -tanda arthrosis, tetapi tidak semuanya merasakan lutut mereka bermasalah. Ini terutama berlaku untuk pria yang sering sudah "serius" arthrosis tidak menunjukkan dirinya atau menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan minimal.
Primary arthrosis occurs spontaneously, namely without the launch factor, therefore it is called idiopathic, which we talked about before.So, we have found that age is one of the main factors that determine the development of arthrosis, because the process of degeneration of cartilage will take effect as we get older.Every fourth person more than 55 years suffering from knee joint artrosis.But we also note that as we get older, arthrosis does not develop in everyone.So there are other reasons.Before we stated it, we noted that there was no main main reason.Knee joint arthrosis develops in terms of causes, while some play a big role, while others - fewer.
Floor.
More often, women from the knee joints are suffered by women.The exact reason for this is unknown, but you can try to explain the following reasons.On average, women's life expectancy is greater than men, and, therefore, on average, old women will further express the degenerative process.In addition, body weight in women averaged a little higher.Bone size in women is smaller than men, and, coupled with higher body weight, this causes higher pressure in the knee joint, and, therefore, the destruction of cartilage is more intense.In most cases in women, arthrosis begins to appear after stopping menstruation, and, maybe, lack of estrogen determines the development of arthrosis.Note that efforts to treat knee joint arthrosis in women after menopause by estrogen, of course, are done, but so far they have not succeeded.
Heavy. Of course, the greater the weight, the greater the load must be transferred to our knee joints.In addition, overweight reduces physical activity and causes hip muscle weakness.For more active cartilage synthesis, movement (without excessive pressure) is needed, and with a permanent lifestyle, the process of cartridge cartridge is valid.The hip muscle is an important stabilizer of the knee joint, and with the weakness of these muscles, the movement in the knee joint becomes more painted, which accelerates the destruction of cartilage.In general, these processes can be described as a vicious circle: the greater body weight, the faster the knee joint is crushed, the greater the pain, the more difficult it is to move, which once again leads to excess body weightAgain, this is because arthrosis has no reason.
Descendants.
It has long been noticed that knee joint arthrosis is a "family" disease.If you suffer from arthrosis or your parents, then, unfortunately, the possibility of this disease is high for you.Scientists have found many gene features responsible for, for example, the individual features of the main cartridge structure of cartilage - collagen, but, unfortunately, so far this discovery has no practical significance, because we cannot affect the prevention or treatment of arthrosis.There is evidence that the legacy of arthrosis is transmitted along the women's line, which partly explains their great tendency towards this disease.
The primary arthrosis of the knee joint does not occur just for one reason, but only with its totality.At the same time, knee joint arthrosis up to one level or the other in almost everyone above 60, but the severity of arthrosis is very different, and not always arthrosis found in radiography manifests itself.In fact, even more difficult: there is no pain in the knee joints in the elderly or, moreover, at the age of 40-60 years will be accompanied by changes in the characteristics of radiographic artrosis.
Arthrosis primer sendi lutut tidak terjadi hanya karena satu alasan, tetapi hanya dengan totalitasnya. Pada saat yang sama, arthrosis sendi lutut sampai satu tingkat atau yang lain di hampir semua orang di atas 60, tetapi keparahan arthrosis sangat berbeda, dan tidak selalu arthrosis yang ditemukan pada radiografi memanifestasikan dirinya. Bahkan, bahkan lebih sulit: tidak ada rasa sakit pada sendi lutut pada orang tua atau, apalagi, pada usia 40-60 tahun akan disertai dengan perubahan karakteristik radiografi artrosis.
For example, scientists have found that 76% of the elderly with complaints of pain in the knee in radiography found arthrosis. That is, there is no pain in the knee joint in the elderly, of course, is arthrosis in the knee joint. At the same time, among all parents with knee joint arthrosis found in radiography, only 81% will submit complaints about pain. That means, there is no painful arthrosis.It occurs that changes in radiography are completely insignificant, and the pain is strong, and it happens the opposite: the connection is completely destroyed on radiography, and someone can ride a bicycle, involved in yoga, work as Malary, and such cases we meet almost every dayThe blue arrow marks the outside of the joint, and orange - the inside of the connection.Pay attention to how the gap between the bones originates from the inside: cartilage is not visible in radiography, and this gap means cartilage.In this case, practically there is no cartilage left in the inside of the knee joint and bone has been rubbed in the bone.
Lebih sering, arthrosis sendi lutut dimulai dengan departemen internal (medial).
Radiografi sendi lutut yang terkena arthrosis dari dalam. Panah biru menandai bagian luar sendi, dan oranye - bagian dalam sambungan. Perhatikan bagaimana celah antara tulang -tulang itu berasal dari dalam: tulang rawan tidak terlihat pada radiografi, dan celah inilah yang berarti tulang rawan. Dalam hal ini, praktis tidak ada tulang rawan yang tersisa di bagian dalam sendi lutut dan tulang sudah digosok di tulang.
With a gradual cartilage abrasion from the inside of the knee joint, the feet begin to bend.Because arthrosis often affects the two knee joints, namely, bilateral, both legs begin to be twisted, and there is an O deformation (deformation of variation)X) Increase more, and arthrosis will develop faster and cannot be canceled.This option is called patello-phomoral arthrosis and it happens, as a rule, because
Lops, Subluxation of a Pattern, Lateral Hyperpressive Syndrome
For which separate articles are dedicated on our website or afterwards
PATELLA FRACTURE , which you can also read in a separate articleNow we will speak briefly about the options for secondary arthrosis Knee joint injury, of course, does not add health joints and almost all of them, in one way or another, increase the risk of arthrosis. One of the most common injuries of the knee joint is the rupture of menisci, which is devoted to separate articles on our website.Unfortunately, anyone with the gap of Meniscus has ever had the possibility of developing arthrosis.If the medial (internal) meniscus is damaged, then arthrosis prefers to develop in the inside of the knee joint.And, therefore, if the external meniscus explodes, the arthrosis will develop in the outer joints of the joints.Note that the rupture of the meniscus does not always cause arthrosis, the possibility of its development AULS.Of course, the more meniscus damaged, the higher the risk of arthrosis.
Arthrosis sekunder sendi lutut
Arthrosis sendi lutut juga dapat berkembang karena penyebab spesifik, dalam hal ini arthrosis disebut sekunder. Sekarang kita akan berbicara secara singkat tentang opsi untuk arthrosis sekunder.
Arthrosis post -trauma dari sendi lutut. Cedera sendi lutut, tentu saja, tidak menambah sendi kesehatan dan hampir semuanya, dengan satu atau lain cara, meningkatkan risiko arthrosis.
Salah satu cedera paling umum dari sendi lutut adalah pecahnya Menisci, yang dikhususkan untuk artikel terpisah di situs web kami. Sayangnya, siapa pun dengan kesenjangan Meniskus pernah memiliki kemungkinan pengembangan arthrosis. Jika meniskus medial (internal) rusak, maka arthrosis lebih suka berkembang di bagian dalam sendi lutut. Dan, karenanya, jika meniskus eksternal meledak, maka arthrosis akan berkembang di sendi luar sendi. Perhatikan bahwa pecahnya meniskus tidak selalu menyebabkan arthrosis, kemungkinan perkembangannya AULS. Tentu saja, semakin banyak meniskus rusak, semakin tinggi risiko arthrosis.
Another reason for the development of knee joint arthrosis is the rupture of ligaments, for example, the rupture of the front crucial ligament.As a result of the rupture of ligaments in the joints, instability can arise, which, of course, will cause damage to cartilage and the development of arthrosis.Naturally, cartilage damage depends on the level of instability, which can be different.
A much heavier injury to the knee joint is the tibial tibia fracture or a femoral condyle fracture if the fracture line enters the articular surface, then such a fracture is called intraarticular.Almost all intra -articular fractures are accompanied by fragment transfer, and thus, the form of articular surface changes.The steps that arise as a result of a exact shift lead to the destruction of progressive cartilage and the appearance of arthrosis.Of course, the heavier the fracture, the greater the intraarticular fragment fracture, the more cartilage is damaged and the higher the risk of arthrosis.After a multi -tibial fracture that is severe from the tibial condyle, arthrosis develops in almost 100% case even though osteosynthetic surgery is carried out perfectly (elimination of bone fragments and binding with screws, plates, etc.)